BeautifulSoup支持大部分的CSS选择器,其语法为:向tag或soup对象的.select()方法中传入字符串参数,选择的结果以列表形式返回。
tag.select("string")
BeautifulSoup.select("string")
源代码示例:
html = """The Dormouse's story The Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were the first b tag Elsie , Lacie and Tillie ;and they lived at the bottom of a well.
myStory the end a tag
the p tag sibling """
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
1、通过标签选择
# 选择所有title标签soup.select("title")# 选择所有p标签中的第三个标签soup.select("p:nth-of-type(3)") 相当于soup.select(p)[2]# 选择body标签下的所有a标签soup.select("body a")# 选择body标签下的直接a子标签soup.select("body > a")# 选择id=link1后的所有兄弟节点标签soup.select("#link1 ~ .mysis")# 选择id=link1后的下一个兄弟节点标签soup.select("#link1 + .mysis")
2、通过类名查找
# 选择a标签,其类属性为mysis的标签soup.select("a.mysis")
3、通过id查找
# 选择a标签,其id属性为link1的标签soup.select("a#link1")
4、通过【属性】查找,当然也适用于class
# 选择a标签,其属性中存在myname的所有标签soup.select("a[myname]")# 选择a标签,其属性href=http://example.com/lacie的所有标签soup.select("a[href='http://example.com/lacie']")# 选择a标签,其href属性以http开头soup.select('a[href^="http"]')# 选择a标签,其href属性以lacie结尾soup.select('a[href$="lacie"]')# 选择a标签,其href属性包含.comsoup.select('a[href*=".com"]')# 从html中排除某标签,此时soup中不再有script标签[s.extract() for s in soup('script')] # 如果想排除多个呢[s.extract() for s in soup(['script','fram']
5、获取文本及属性
html_doc = """The Dormouse's story The Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were Elsie, Lacie and Tillie;
and they lived at the bottom of a well....
"""from bs4 import BeautifulSoup'''以列表的形式返回'''soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, 'html.parser')s = soup.select('p.story')s[0].get_text() # p节点及子孙节点的文本内容s[0].get_text("|") # 指定文本内容的分隔符s[0].get_text("|", strip=True) # 去除文本内容前后的空白print(s[0].get("class")) # p节点的class属性值列表(除class外都是返回字符串)
6、UnicodeDammit.detwingle() 方法只能解码包含在UTF-8编码中的Windows-1252编码内容,
new_doc = UnicodeDammit.detwingle(doc)print(new_doc.decode("utf8"))# ☃☃☃“I like snowmen!”
在创建 BeautifulSoup 或 UnicodeDammit 对象前一定要先对文档调用 UnicodeDammit.detwingle() 确保文档的编码方式正确.如果尝试去解析一段包含Windows-1252编码的UTF-8文档,就会得到一堆乱码,比如: ☃☃☃“I like snowmen!”.
7、其它:
html_doc = """The Dormouse's story The Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were Elsie, Lacie and Tillie;
and they lived at the bottom of a well....
"""from bs4 import BeautifulSoup'''以列表的形式返回'''soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, 'html.parser')soup.select('title') # title标签soup.select("p:nth-of-type(3)") # 第三个p节点soup.select('body a') # body下的所有子孙a节点soup.select('p > a') # 所有p节点下的所有a直接节点soup.select('p > #link1') # 所有p节点下的id=link1的直接子节点soup.select('#link1 ~ .sister') # id为link1的节点后面class=sister的所有兄弟节点soup.select('#link1 + .sister') # id为link1的节点后面class=sister的第一个兄弟节点soup.select('.sister') # class=sister的所有节点soup.select('[class="sister"]') # class=sister的所有节点soup.select("#link1") # id=link1的节点soup.select("a#link1") # a节点,且id=link1的节点soup.select('a[href]') # 所有的a节点,有href属性soup.select('a[href="http://example.com/elsie"]') # 指定href属性值的所有a节点soup.select('a[href^="http://example.com/"]') # href属性以指定值开头的所有a节点soup.select('a[href$="tillie"]') # href属性以指定值结尾的所有a节点soup.select('a[href*=".com/el"]') # 支持正则匹配